What types of pigmentation are there?
Skin pigmentation problems are among the most common skin concerns seen at aesthetic clinics in Singapore, ranging from melasma and freckles to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. Singapore’s tropical climate and high UV exposure make many of us more prone to unwanted pigmentation, whether that’s dark spots that won’t fade, uneven skin tone, or patches of lost pigment. At LS Aesthetic, Dr Kok assesses each patient’s pigmentation type before recommending a suitable pigmentation treatment in Singapore — because different forms of pigmentation respond to different approaches, and there’s no single fix that works for everyone. Below, we break down the common types of pigmentation, what typically causes them, and the treatment options available.
| Pigmentation | Appearance | Causes |
| Melasma | Brown/black patches that appear gradually on the face | Such pigmentation appears as a result of an overproduction of melanin by your skin’s pigment cells. Genetics, exposure to the sun, as well as pregnancy or hormonal changes can trigger the growth of melasma. In the case of pregnancy, however, the melasma usually subsides by the end of the pregnancy. |
| Freckles | Small flat brown marks that appear on the face and other areas commonly exposed to the sun. Freckles are generally more common in people with fairer skin. | Freckles are usually caused as a result of sun exposure. |
| Age Spots | Small spots of flat or slightly-raised pigment with a clearly defined border Age spots can occur anywhere on the body, and vary in colour from tan-brown to black. | Age spots are generally caused by sun exposure, as well as the process of aging itself. |
| Hypopigmentation (Vitiligo) | Hypopigmentation refers to the loss of skin colour as a result of melanin depletion. This can culminate in vitiligo, a skin condition in which there is a loss of colour, resulting in irregular white patches on the skin. Vitiligo generally occurs on commonly exposed areas (such as the face, neck, nipples, navel, or genitalia), body folds (such as the armpits or groin), as well as sites of injury (such as areas with cuts, scrapes, or burns). | Hypopigmentation can be caused by diseases, burns, or trauma to the skin. While the exact cause of vitiligo is not known, a possible cause could be due to the body’s immune system destroying the cells that form pigment in the skin. |
| Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation | Discolouration of the skin as a result of the healing of inflamed skin Such discolouration often ranges from light brown to black in colour, and may become darker if exposed to sunlight. | Some common causes include:
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| Poikiloderma of Civatte | A benign skin condition in which there is increased pigmentation and prominent blood vessels The skin in affected areas tends to be reddish-brown with prominent hair follicles. | There can be many varying causes, but the main contributing factors are:
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What Causes Skin Pigmentation Problems?”
While each type of pigmentation has its own specific triggers (see table above), skin pigmentation problems generally occur when the skin produces too much melanin (hyperpigmentation) or too little (hypopigmentation). Common contributing factors include:
- Sun exposure – UV rays stimulate melanin production and are a leading cause of freckles, age spots, and melasma.
- Hormonal changes – pregnancy, hormonal contraception, and hormone therapy can trigger melasma.
- Genetics – some individuals are more prone to pigmentation due to their skin type or family history.
- Skin inflammation or injury – acne, cuts, burns, or allergic reactions can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
- Certain medications – some anti-malarial drugs, tetracyclines, and other medications may contribute to pigmentation changes.
- Underlying conditions – vitiligo, for instance, is linked to the immune system affecting pigment-generating cells
Because pigmentation can originate from several different causes, a proper skin assessment is recommended before starting any treatment.
How can I treat my pigmentation?
At LS Aesthetic, we offer a range of treatment methods to help your pigmentation subside as quickly as possible. Dr. Kok will assess your pigmentation condition and customize a depigmentation programme best suited for you.
| Pigmentation Type | Treatment Methods |
| Melasma |
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| Freckles | |
| Age Spots | |
| Vitiligo | |
| Hypopigmentation | |
| Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation | |
| Poikiloderma of Civatte |
Pigmentation Treatment in Singapore: What to Expect
- Consultation & skin assessment – Dr Kok examines your skin and pigmentation type, and may ask about your medical history, sun exposure habits, and any medications you’re on.
- Customised treatment plan – Because pigmentation types differ in cause and depth, your plan is customized to your specific condition rather than a generic protocol.
- Treatment sessions – Depending on the approach recommended, this may involve a single treatment type or a combination (e.g. laser plus topical care), typically spread across multiple visits.
- Aftercare & maintenance – Sun protection and follow-up skincare are usually recommended to help maintain results and reduce the chance of new pigmentation forming.
Call us at +65 6738 4700 or email us at enquire@lsaestheticclinic.com for more enquiries. We are conveniently located at #10-04 Wisma Atria Office Tower, 435 Orchard Road Singapore 238877.
FAQ
There’s no single “best” treatment – the right approach depends on your specific type of pigmentation, its depth, and your skin type. Treatment options range from chemical peels and light therapy for epidermal pigmentation to laser treatments for deeper or more stubborn cases. A consultation with a doctor is the best way to determine what’s suitable for you.
This varies depending on the type and severity of pigmentation, as well as the treatment method used. Your doctor can give you a more specific timeline once they assess your skin.
Discomfort and downtime, if any, vary by treatment type and individual skin sensitivity. We typically discuss this during your consultation so you know what to expect before proceeding.
Pigmentation such as melasma can recur, particularly if triggers such as sun exposure or hormonal changes aren’t managed. This is why ongoing sun protection and skincare are usually recommended even after visible improvement.
Hyperpigmentation is a general term for skin darkening caused by excess melanin, which can result from sun exposure, inflammation, or injury. Melasma is a specific type of hyperpigmentation typically triggered by hormonal changes, genetics, and sun exposure, and often appears as symmetrical brown patches on the face.
Cost depends on the type of pigmentation, the recommended treatment method, and the number of sessions required. Because treatment plans are customised, it’s best to arrange a consultation for an accurate quote based on your specific condition.
Laser treatment can suit a range of skin types, but a doctor must assess the specific settings and approach, as suitability and risk can vary from person to person.
Yes. Because pigmentation can have several different underlying causes, a proper assessment helps ensure you receive a treatment plan suited to your specific condition rather than a generic approach.